@bytes

Convert a value to hex bytes, force UTF-8 encoding, or perform a bitwise operation.

On-chain (@bytes!): Bitwise operations run over the raw 32-byte words (shifts in bits, >> arithmetic on a signed value); with one argument it is the raw word cast.

Returns: bytes

Syntax

@bytes(a b? c?)

Arguments

Name	Type	Description
a	any	Value to convert or left operand
[b]	string	Operator (& `
[c]	any	Right operand for bitwise ops

Examples

# Convert a number to bytes
set $b @bytes(0xff)

# Bitwise AND
set $b @bytes(0xff00 "&" 0x0ff0)

# Left shift
set $b @bytes(0x01 "<<" 8)

See Also

• @bytes.not — bitwise NOT
• @bytes.concat — concatenate bytes
• @bytes.slice — extract a byte range

On-chain face (@bytes!)

Bitwise word operations computed on-chain (& | ^ << >>), or with a single argument the raw 32-byte word cast (e.g. bool as 0/1). Word-width semantics: operands are the raw 32-byte words; shifts are in bits, and >> on a signed value is the arithmetic shift (the sign fills in from the left).